[ Field data / Methodology ]
Methodology
How we collect, process and verify every number — published and peer reviewed so anyone can check our work.
● Protocol v3.2 · Peer reviewed
How it works
Every number we publish goes through the same four steps. Each one is versioned, so any result can be reproduced.
Step 01
01
Sampling design
Stations are placed by stratified sampling, so they represent the whole landscape — not just the easy-to-reach parts.
Step 02
02
Field measurement
Stations record carbon flux, soil, water and sound around the clock; field teams add soil cores and surveys each season.
Step 03
03
Processing & upscaling
Open-source pipelines clean and gap-fill the data, then calibrated models scale it across the site with satellite imagery.
Step 04
04
Verification
Independent reviewers check data, code and results. Every figure is published with its confidence interval.
v3.2
Current protocol
14
Independent reviewers
±6%
Typical uncertainty
ISO 14064
Aligned
Four domains, one protocol
Each domain has its own instruments and sampling rules, but every result is reported the same way.
Carbon
Eddy-covariance towers measure the CO₂ exchanged between land and air every half hour. Chambers add methane, and biomass plots anchor the totals.
- Instruments
- Flux towers · methane chambers · biomass plots
- Sampling
- 10 Hz raw data, 30-minute fluxes
- Output
- Net ecosystem exchange, tCO₂e per year
- Typical uncertainty
- ±5–8%
More sampling, narrower ranges
Uncertainty falls as sampling density rises — with diminishing returns. Drag the slider to see how.
Illustrative. Real uncertainty also depends on site variability and model fit — both are reported.
Versioned, reviewed and public
Every change to the method is published with its reasoning, so any past result can be reproduced with the version it used.
- v1.02021
First public protocol: carbon flux and soil cores for peatlands.
- v1.42022
Hydrology module added, with water-table loggers and stream gauges.
- v2.02023
Satellite upscaling with machine learning; first external review by 6 experts.
- v2.62024
Acoustic biodiversity module and the recovery index.
- v3.02025
Uncertainty reporting made mandatory for every published value.
- v3.22026
Tighter methane chamber rules; reviewed by 14 independent experts.
Current
[ In their words ]
[ Side by side ]
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Principles
The rules every step follows — reviewed by 14 independent experts.
01
Direct observation
Eddy covariance, soil cores and acoustic surveys are the primary data — not generic factors.
02
Calibrated models
Models are trained and validated against on-site measurements before they are used.
03
Quantified uncertainty
Every result is published with its confidence interval, never as a bare number.
04
Open by default
Protocols and processing code are public and versioned with every release.
FAQ
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